Review

Cow's milk protein allergy in children: a practical guide

Carlo Caffarelli¹ , Francesco Baldi² , Barbara Bendandi³ , Luigi Calzone⁴ , Miris Marani⁵ , Pamela Pasquinelli⁶ and on behalf of EWGPAG

¹  Dipartimento dell'Età Evolutiva, Clinica Pediatrica Università di Parma, Parma, Italy

²  UO di Pediatria, AUSL Imola, Imola, Italy

³  Dipartimento "Salute della donna, del bambino e dell'adolescente" Policlinico S Orsola-Malpighi, Clinica Pediatrica, Bologna, Italy

⁴  Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione diagnostica, UO di Pediatria, Fidenza, Italy

⁵  Pediatria, AUSL di Ravenna, Italy

⁶  UO Pediatria, AUSL di Cesena, Italy

author email corresponding author email

Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2010, 36:5doi:10.1186/1824-7288-36-5

Published:	15 January 2010

Abstract

A joint study group on cow's milk allergy was convened by the Emilia-Romagna Working Group for Paediatric Allergy and by the Emilia-Romagna Working Group for Paediatric Gastroenterology to focus best practice for diagnosis, management and follow-up of cow's milk allergy in children and to offer a common approach for allergologists, gastroenterologists, general paediatricians and primary care physicians.

The report prepared by the study group was discussed by members of Working Groups who met three times in Italy. This guide is the result of a consensus reached in the following areas. Cow's milk allergy should be suspected in children who have immediate symptoms such as acute urticaria/angioedema, wheezing, rhinitis, dry cough, vomiting, laryngeal edema, acute asthma with severe respiratory distress, anaphylaxis. Late reactions due to cow's milk allergy are atopic dermatitis, chronic diarrhoea, blood in the stools, iron deficiency anaemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, chronic vomiting, colic, poor growth (food refusal), enterocolitis syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy with hypoalbuminemia, eosinophilic oesophagogastroenteropathy. An overview of acceptable means for diagnosis is included. According to symptoms and infant diet, three different algorithms for diagnosis and follow-up have been suggested.